Tomoo Matsuda is a Christian who learnt from Kanzo Uchimura as well as Hisao Otsuka and Masao Sekine. In postwar Japan, Matsuda, according to his Christian belief that one should love one’s neighbors as oneself, became the neighbor of farmers in Nagano, hoping to help them escape from povertybyteaching them to make rational decisions and to think for themselves. Through his Protestant mission to the farmers, Matsuda stressed the importance of neighborlylove. Paradoxically, his work was both based on faith and, at the same time, significant in postwar Japan for its realism and originality.