{"created":"2023-06-23T12:32:52.874305+00:00","id":894,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"e4174fcb-6286-4593-baa7-6b7fa313ab22"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"894","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"894"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:serve.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000894","sets":["1:166"]},"author_link":["949"],"item_10002_biblio_info_7":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2013-10","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"第1号","bibliographicPageEnd":"185","bibliographicPageStart":"167","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"第26巻","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"聖学院大学論叢"},{"bibliographic_title":"The Journal of Seigakuin University","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_10002_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"太平洋戦争がはじまって，134 人の牧師が治安維持法によって逮捕された。裁判中，病気になった者，暴行を受けて死んだ者まであった。敗戦後，治安維持法は廃止され，免訴となった。免訴は裁判の却下でもなく，無罪放免でもなく，再審も許されない，日本特有の制度である。一方，教会弾圧が起きた同じ1942年に治安維持法による言論弾圧事件で，横浜地方裁判所の判決で決着したので横浜事件と称される事件があった。この事件は，全く交流もない研究者，編集者，新聞記者らが，次々と逮捕され，暴力による自白によって犯罪者となった。治安維持法の廃止後，暴行した特別警察官を傷害罪で告発し，3 名の警察官が有罪となったが，恩赦のゆえに釈放された。この事件は，1986年に再審裁判の道が認められたが，その判決は無罪ではなく，免訴であった。治安維持法は廃止され，実効性が失われているという理由である。そこで免訴につて述べられている刑事訴訟法にある解釈について本稿は論じている。免訴は有罪でも無罪でもないあいまいな概念である。教会弾圧を体験した安倍豊造は免訴であることを裁判所から伝えられていなかった。結果として判決とはいえない。法の目的は正義の実現である。戦争というカオスは正義を見失い，正義から遠ざける。人権侵害，人権蹂躙こそ不義である。自然権，エクイティーによって人権は守られる。教会弾圧，横浜事件など免訴判決が残されている限り戦争の時代は終わっていない。日本の戦時下，天皇を神として神社で崇拝させた。特別警察の壮絶な暴行と犯罪者を作り出すフレームアップは天皇の名を借りた犯罪であった。戦争は犯罪者を生む。それは，立法，行政，司法という権力そのものが悪魔となる。人権を擁護する「疑わしきは被告人の利益に」（in dubio pro reo）の大原則が働いていない。このような悲劇を再び繰り返してはならない。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"Soon after the outbreak of the Pacific War, 134 pastors were arrested under the Peace PreservationLaw. Some pastors became sick and some were tortured to death under investigation.After Japan’s defeat in the war, this law was abolished. And the survivors were dismissed asmenso and released. Menso is a peculiar Japanese system which neither constitutes rejection ofthe verdict reached in the trial nor really constitutes an acquittal. Moreover, an actual retrial isnot allowed.Another case of suppression of free speech called the Yokohama incident occurred in the sameyear, 1942, under the Peace Preservation Law. In this incident, about 60 people were arrested andtortured. They were not only researchers, magazine editors, and journalists, but also manyworkers who belonged to worker’s groups. And they were compelled to admit to the charges dueto torture. After the Peace Preservation Law was abolished, three of the Special Higher Policeinvolved this case were arrested and convicted, but all were freed without serving any time behindbars in amnesty accompanying the signing of the San Francisco Treaty. In 1986 although a retrialappealed for by the defendants and bereaved families took place, the verdict was not “innocent”but “menso” . The reason for the judgment was that the Peace Preservation Law had beenabolished, and therefore original judgment could not be appealed.This paper is a description and interpretation of the Criminal Procedure Code, including menso.In the case of church oppression, a pastor, Toyozo Abe, (he was the father of the second presidentof Seigakuin University) a verdict of menso was not reached, even though the purpose of the lawwas to achieve justice. The chaos of war resulted in deviation from justice. These cases areexamples of injustice: the abuse and violation of human rights.The law was meant to uphold andsupport equality and human rights. The injustice perpetrated during the war remains as long asthis issue of menso, church oppression and the Yokohama incident remain unresolved. TheEmperor of Japan had been deemed to be God and the Japanese people were forced to worship atshrines during the war. The false charges against innocent people were brought by the SpecialHigher Police, cruel torture in the name of the Emperor. War makes criminals. The power of theadministration, the administration of justice, legislation in wartime changed into something demonic. The rule of “benefit of the doubt in favor of the defendant” (in dubio pro reo) which protectshuman rights was not observed. We should not allow such a war tragedy to happen again.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10002_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.15052/00000888","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_10002_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"0915-2539","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"加藤, 恵司"},{"creatorName":"カトウ, ケイジ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"949","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-11-25"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"4603.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.3 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"加藤恵司_教会弾圧と免訴_聖学院大学論叢26_1.pdf","url":"https://serve.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/894/files/4603.pdf"},"version_id":"e1af4f61-4f28-434c-8c1c-4fbe772cd357"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"教会弾圧","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"治安維持法","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"横浜事件","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"免訴","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"基本的人権","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Church opperession in 1942","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"the Peace Preservation Law","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Yokohama incident","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Menso","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"教会弾圧と免訴","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"教会弾圧と免訴"},{"subitem_title":"Church Oppression in 1942 and Menso","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"10002","owner":"3","path":["166"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2016-11-25"},"publish_date":"2016-11-25","publish_status":"0","recid":"894","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["教会弾圧と免訴"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":3},"updated":"2023-06-23T13:15:13.707792+00:00"}